Gynecology 
Pregnancy and childbirth process is of great importance for expectant mothers and fathers. During this period, comprehensive monitoring is necessary, not just relying on pregnancy tests for diagnosis. Services offered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department include pregnancy detection using modern technologies, week calculation, monitoring of high-risk pregnancies, nutritional counseling, and childbirth preparation courses. Expert doctors support expectant mothers and fathers during this exciting process. 

Procedures Performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology 
Procedures performed in the obstetrics and gynecology branch include ultrasonographic examinations, hormonal disorder tests, gynecological examinations, cancer screenings, and smear tests among various other tests. 

What is Gynecology? 
Gynecology is a surgical specialty specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to the female reproductive system. 

What Diseases do Gynecologists Treat?
Gynecologists diagnose and treat many women’s diseases such as menstrual irregularities, ovarian cysts, fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, and HPV infections. 

Treatment Methods in Obstetrics and Gynecology 
Various treatment methods are applied in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department including laparoscopic surgeries, robotic surgery, myomectomy, ovarian surgery, surgery for gynecological oncological diseases, HPV treatment, hysteroscopy, and probe curettage. 

Genital Aesthetic Applications 
Genital aesthetic procedures include labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, mons pubis adjustment, and vaginal bleaching. 

Treatment of Uterine and Bladder Prolapse 
Closed methods surgeries are effective in the treatment of postpartum uterine and bladder prolapse. 

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) 
It is a preferred method in cases of longterm pregnancy failure. 

Perinatology Treatments 
It is a field that deals with and provides treatment for the health status of both the mother and the baby in pregnancies with risk factors. 

Ovarian Cyst 

Definition and Causes: Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs formed in the ovaries. Hormonal imbalances, endometriosis, and pelvic infections can cause the formation of these cysts. 

Symptoms and Diagnosis: Symptoms include pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, and abdominal bloating. Diagnosis is usually made through pelvic examination, ultrasound, and blood tests. 

Treatment Methods: Treatment varies depending on the size and type of the cyst. Small and asymptomatic cysts are monitored, while large or symptomatic cysts may be surgically removed. 

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) 

Definition and Causes: PCOS is a condition that arises due to hormonal imbalances and is characterized by high androgen levels, irregular periods, and polycystic ovaries. 

Symptoms and Diagnosis: Irregular periods, excessive hair growth, hair loss, acne, and weight gain are the most common symptoms. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms, physical examination, and blood tests. 

Treatment Methods: Treatment aims to control symptoms and prevent long-term health problems. Lifestyle changes, weight control, insulin-regulating medications, and birth control pills are important treatment methods. 

Infertility Definition 
Infertility is the inability of couples to achieve pregnancy despite regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. This applies to both women and men and can be caused by various factors. 

Infertility in Women 
Infertility in women usually does not present symptoms, but irregular menstruation may be a sign of ovulation problems. Medical assistance is recommended if pregnancy is not achieved within one year for women under 35, six months for those aged 35-40, and a shorter period for those over 40. Known infertility issues such as irregular or painful menstrual cycles, genital infections, recurrent miscarriages, cancer treatment, or endometriosis require earlier intervention. 

Factors Necessary for Pregnancy in Women: 

• Release of mature egg from the ovaries, 
• The egg being taken by the tube, 
• Sperm reaching the egg through the cervix and uterus within the tube, 
• The fertilized egg reaching the uterus from the tube and settling and developing there 

Infertility in Men 
Diagnosis of infertility in men is made after one year of regular unprotected intercourse without conception. Symptoms of infertility in men are generally not observed, but in some cases, hormonal imbalances, enlarged blood vessels around the testis, or conditions that obstruct sperm passage may be present. 

Infertility is divided into not having children at all (primary infertility) or not being able to have children again after having children before (secondary infertility). 

Signs of Infertility 
The most common sign of infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy despite regular sexual intercourse. In addition, symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, genital infections, hormonal imbalances, previous surgeries, chromosomal or hormonal disorders, recurrent miscarriages, oncological treatment, endometriosis, erectile problems, lack of sexual desire, and swelling or mass in the testes may indicate infertility. 

Diagnosis of Infertility 
The diagnosis of infertility is made through various tests based on the health status of the couples. These tests include hormone tests, sperm analysis, uterine film, ovulation control, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy. 

Infertility Treatment 
Infertility treatment is determined based on the source of the problem and may include various methods. Hormone therapies, ensuring ovulation, surgical procedures, insemination, or IVF methods are among these treatment options. 

Assisted Reproductive Techniques in Male Infertility 
Hormone tests, sperm analysis, imaging techniques, and sometimes surgical procedures may be used for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. In treatment, insemination or IVF methods may be preferred. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Infertility 
Is Infertility Congenital, Genetic? Some genetic diseases or developmental problems can lead to congenital infertility. 

What Factors Increase the Risk of Infertility? 
Age, smoking, weight balance, and excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of infertility. 

What Factors Increase the Risk of Infertility? Age, smoking, weight balance and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of infertility. 

What are the Ways to Prevent Infertility? Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, maintaining ideal weight, avoiding tobacco and alcohol products, avoiding high heat and chemicals, and reducing stress can help prevent infertility.